Information technology (IT) and Instructional Technology (EdTch) serve different purposes but but can overlap in educational environment. Here's a comparision :
Information Technology IT :

purpose: IT refers to the use of computers, network and other physical devices to store, process and exchange information. It is a broad field that encompasses hardware, software, network and data management.

Scope: It is applied across various industries including finance, healthcare, education and more. It involves system administration, cybersecurity, datamanagement, cloud computing and IT support.

#Application: IT professionals manage and maintain systems that support the oprration of organizations. This includes setting up and maintaining servers, database, network infrastructure and ensuring data security.

Examples

• Setting up computer networks and servers in an organization.
• Managing database and ensuring the security of sensitive information.
• Setting up software applications for business operations.
Instructional Technology EdTech):

Purpose: Instructional technology focuses on using technology specifically to enhance teaching and learning process. It integrates tools like software, online platforms and digital resources to create an engaging educational experience.

Scope: While properly focused on education , EdTech can also be applied in cotporate training and professional development. It deals with designing, implementing and evaluating educational programs and materials.

Application : Instrutional technologists design curriculum, create digital learning resources, develop e-learning platforms and use data to improve educational outcomes. They might work on integrating new teaching tools or platform into the classroom.

#Examples:
• Creating interactive e-learning modules.
• Using Learning Management System (LMS) like Moodle or Blackboard to manage course.
• Implementing technology in classrooms like interactive whiteboards or tablets.
Key difference:

Objective: IT focuses the infrastructure and tools needed to manage and share information while EdTech aims to improve educational process through the use of technology.

Target audiance: IT serves all sectors whilre EdTech specifically target educators, students and learners.

#Tools and technologies: IT involves a broad range of technologies for vsrious business functions while EdTech focuses on technologies that support teaching and learning.
Overlap:
In educational iinstitutions IT and EdTech professionals often work together. IT provides the infrastructure (network, hardware security) while EdTech professionals ensure that these technologies are effectively used for educational purposes. For example the IT department mighg mange the servers that host an LMS while EdTech team design the course content delivered through that system.
Yousuf Memon
From Matiari Sindh Pakistan

@FarhanMehboob @Tabassumlaghari @Mariam @Aqsa-Khatri @Adel-8d693e36c4
Have you not read the poem "Children" by Henry Longfellow ? Who says children are source of joy who dispell all worries of others.
Here is the full text of the poem "Children" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:

Come to me, O ye children!
    For I hear you at your play,
And the questions that perplexed me
    Have vanished quite away.

Ye open the eastern windows,
    That look towards the sun,
Where thoughts are singing swallows
    And the brooks of morning run.

In your hearts are the birds and the sunshine,
    In your thoughts the brooklet’s flow,
But in mine is the wind of Autumn
    And the first fall of the snow.

Ah! what would the world be to us
    If the children were no more?
We should dread the desert behind us
    Worse than the dark before.

What the leaves are to the forest,
    With light and air for food,
Ere their sweet and tender juices
    Have been hardened into wood,—

That to the world are children;
    Through them it feels the glow
Of a brighter and sunnier climate
    Than reaches the trunks below.

Come to me, O ye children!
    And whisper in my ear
What the birds and the winds are singing
    In your sunny atmosphere.

For what are all our contrivings,
    And the wisdom of our books,
When compared with your caresses,
    And the gladness of your looks?

Ye are better than all the ballads
    That ever were sung or said;
For ye are living poems,
    And all the rest are dead.

So when you are gloomy go to children. They will make you happy.

@Engr-Zeeshan
3: What challenges have you faced in integrating technology, and how did you overcome them?
This question consists of two parts : challanges and solution of the challanges.
Challanges faced in integrating technology are:

1. Whether the administration of the school allow to integrate technology in teaching learning process or not. Particularly it is not officially allowed to integrate technology in teaching learning process. Still we are using traditional methods of teaching.
2. All the students don't haves access to technology.
3. Al parents of all students don't allow their childen to use technology for learning purpose.
4. Reaction from society: Anyone from society can raise objection on using technology for teaching learning purpose.
5. Reaction of colleague teachers: Colleague teachers can also raise objection on using technology for teaching learning as it is not officially allowed.
   The answer of second part of the question " How did you overcome them?" is after convincing administrstion, studdnts and their parents and colleague teachers technology can be used to some extent.

@MJANKb9ddefc9b1
I think if these 4Cs, which are considered as 21st century skills including some others I have already mentioned, are applied in proper way our teaching learning will be effective. Moreover an effective teacher is he/she who applies these 21st century skills in his/her teaching. In this way we can keep pace with the modern changing world. Othereise we will not only be left behind but will be no more.
Regards
Yousuf Memon

@MehranKhan
The best study hacks I've discovered are:

1. Active Recall: Instead of passively reading notes I quiz myself on the matetial. This reinforces my memory.
   2.Spaced Repetition: I review information at increasing intervals e.g after 1 day or 3 day or 1 week. This helps me transfer knowledge to long term memory.
2. Teach what you learn: I explain the concept to someone, particularly students or even myself. This reinforces my understanding.
3. Summarize notes: After studying I summarize the key points in my own words. This helps consolidate my understanding.
   These are some of my best study hacks that I usually use.
   Yousuf Memon
   Matiari Sindh Pakistan.

@Tabassumlaghari
You are right in saying that games positively affect learners mindset. I also think educationl games are very important. They leave positive effects on learners in following way:

1. They refresh learners minds.
2. They remove tiredness among students.
3. They increase physical growth too.
4. They help learners to learn fastly.
5. They teaches students collaboration.
6. They teach students team rules.
7. They increase their knowledge.
   It's good to learn that you've suggested some educational games bedides telling their positive impact on students. Keep up good work.
   Regards
   M Yousuf D Memon
   From: Matiari Sindh Pakistan.

@Ana_moderator
How to become a green teacher?
To become a green teacher I'll suggest my own ideas. We have students hailing from rural areas. Their parents are mostly farmers who work in their fields. They not only grow diffent crops but also plant trees of different kinds in mango garden, guavas garden, Berries garden etc. And also plant neem trees, acacias trees etc. Their children help them with their work. So these students already know tree plantation. These students should be given tasks to bring different kinds of trees and plants to school. Then at school they should be given tasks of preparing garden in school with other students living in cities who don't know planting a tree. The students who know this will teach them this work. In this way to become a green teacher a teacher can carry out different environment friendly activities at school as well as out of school engaging his/her students busy at school as well as out of school. Moreover students should given different projects of energy conservation and recycling.

@Bilim
Yes, I agree with it that students over15 are more creative than students of 10. As I teach students of grade ten. They are at the stage of 15 years age or some over 15. So it is my observation that my students who are 15 years old or over 15 are very creative. They create their own ideas. Similarly I teach some students of lower classes who are below 15 and some students who are below 10. So the students who are below 10 are not creative, some of them may be creative to some extent but they are not fully creative. And you are right that they can be somehow creative by cinquains poems as they are easy to understand according to their mental level. Here I give an example of cinquains poem which students of 10 or below 10 can understand easily and create their idea about it to some extent. The poem runs thus:
Flowers
Colourful, fragrant
Swaying, growing, blooming
Make me feel happy
Blossoms
From this poem little students of 10 years old and below 10 can create their idea about flowers easily. They can say that flowers ar colourful. Flowers give fragrance.
Flowers grow. Flowers bloom etc.
So I agree with you that this approach is applicable to students of 10 and below 10 for creativity.

@sabahatjamil
You are right green education is beneficial and useful. As man is part of envitonment. He makes environment where himself lives. For his benefit he should learn how to make environment beneficia for himself. Similarly students are also part of environment. They should learn to make it green. They should learn this where they get education. They should learn to make environment green there then they will proceed further. This will make them a responsible citizen.
Regards
M Youduf D Memno.

@Mariam
Yes ma'am, you are right. I teach students of grade ten who at the stage of 15 years and some over 15 years. It is my abservation that these students are more creative than the students of below 15. You are also right that they are more sensitive. They create their own ideas. But ma'am Billin is right that students of 10 years and below 10 can be made creative through cinquains poems because these poems are easy to understand according to their mental level. Here I suggest a cinquains poem which runs thus:
Cats
Curious, playful
Sneaking, pouncing, sleeping
Always fun to cuddle
Feline.
From this poem students of 10 or below 10 can create their idea about cats easily. So according to Billin this approach is good for students of 10 and below 10 to make them creative.

@Tabassumlaghari
In my classroom I create inclusive environment where my students feel safe and give them responsibilities without discrimination of their different background. I motivate my students by my positive behavior first. Then assign different roles to students of different background. By assigning roles they feel happiness become responsible and motivated.

@Tabassumlaghari
Besides the strategies told by you some other strstegies in my opinion for instilling the sense of responsibility and motivation among students from diverse background can be:

1. Foster positive and invlusive classroom environment. For this respect their culture diversity and use language that is respectful. Create classroom environment where students feel safe to express themselves.
2. Clearly communicate expectations for behavior, academic performance and responsibilities. Assign roles and responsibilities to students. Help students set personal and academic goals.
3. Incorporate regular self-reflection activities where students assess their own progress, behavior and contribution.
4. Provide meaningful and relevant learning experiences.
5. Differentiate instruction to meet diverse needs.
6. Build strong relationships
7. Regularly acknowlege and celebrate students achievements.
8. Empower students to make choice.
9. Teach resilience and growth mindset.
   By implementing these strategies you can help students from diverse backgrounds develop a strong sense of responsibility and motivation that will serve them well both in school and in their future endeavors.

@Ana_moderator
Now I'm getting notificstion.
Regards

@sabahatjamil
No doubt energizers are necessary for engaging students in the clasdroom. Students not only learn a lot from them but get more energy to learn more.

@Engr-Zeeshan
I think they can be developed and controlled through effort and practice.
https://www.teacheracademy.eu/blog/learning-styles/?utm_source=Europass+Teacher+Academy&utm_campaign=b085f460f0-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2021_12_10_03_48&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_38bf1d9897-b085f460f0-381232156&mc_cid=b085f460f0&mc_eid=90e1021e41
Please read this article.

Sir, you have started a good topic for discusdion.
Absolutely happiness plays vital role in educstion. When a teacher enters the clsssroom he should be in happy mood. In this way the students will feel easy and they will learn more than in fear. Fear makes students dull. First of all a should remove fear from studdnts mind then he should start teaching. Jn this way students will learn more easily. Then school administration should also make principles for establishment of happiness in school so as all students of school remain in hsppy mood.

I have used Role Playing, Pair Work, Group Discussion and Presentation to improve speaking skill of students as they don't have access to teachnology. I have advised those students to use AI tools to improve speaking skill who have access to technology at home.

Hello @Iqra-khan
You've raised two auestions :
Q1: Is professional development important for teachers?
Yes professional development is important for teachers. Here are some reasons why :

1. Improving teaching skills.
2. Adapting to educational changes.

Enhancing student outcomes.
4. Encouraging life-long learning.
5. Building confidence and job satisfaction.
6. Promoting collaboration.
7. Meeting certification and liscencing requirements.
8. Addressing specific challanges such as managing classroom bdhavior, supporting students with special needs or integrating technology into classrooms.
Q2: What are the ways for teachers to upgrade their teaching skills?
Following are the ways for teachers to upgrade their teaching skills:

1. Attending workshops and seminars.
2. Pursuing ad anced ddgrees or certifications.
3. Participating in professional learning communities (PLCs)
4. Engaging in peer observstions and coaching.
5. Utilising online courses and webinars.
6. Attending educationl conferences.
7. Reading educational literture.
8. Incorporating technology in Teaching.
9. Regularly reflecting on one's teaching practices.
10. Collaborating with other educators.
11. Engaging in student feedback.
12. Participating in study groups or Book Clubs.
13. Involvement in educational research.

@shamsa-kanwal
Before talking on advantages and disadvantages of co-teaching and collaborative teaching let's understand the difference between the two. In co-teaching two or more teachers work in same classroom whereas in collaborative teaching two or more teachers physical presence in the same classroom is not necessary.
Co-teaching involves various models of teaching shch as:

1. One teach one assist: one teacher leads the instruction while other circulate around the room providing individual assistance to the students.
2. Team teaching: Both teachers share responsibilities planning, teaching and assessing. They tske turns delivering instruction and may teach together simultaneously.
3. Parallel teaching: The class is split into two groups and each teacher delivers the same content to their group.
4. Station teaching: Teachers divide the content and students and each teacher is responsible for teaching a specific segment of the lesson at different stations.
5. Alternative teaching: One teacher takes a small gtoup of students for specialized instruction while other teaches the remaining students.
   Collaborative teaching is a broader term. It can occur inside and outside the classroom. This approach focuses on joint planning, shared decision making, and shared responsibility of student outcomes. This approach involves co-operstion among teachers. Collaborative teaching can take different forms such as:
6. Planning and curriculum design: Teachers collaborate to design the curriculum and plan lessons that catter the diverse student needs.
7. Professional Learning Communities: Teachers work together to analyze student data, share teaching strategies and develop common assessments.
8. Cross Curricular Collaboration: Teachers from different subject areas collaborate to integrate content and create interdisciplinary experiences
   In summary we can say that co-teaching is specific and collaborative teaching is genersal.

Before we discuss on "Multiple Intelligences" let's se What is Intelligence?
Howard Gardner in his book Frames of Mind, in 1983 has defined "Intelligence" as :
"An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings"
Dr. Howard Gardner was a professor of cognition and education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. In 1983 he developed a learning theory. It is based on the belief that each individual has unique intelligence through which he or she is able to learn or teach new information. Initially, Gardner proposed seven intelligences in his book "Frames of Mind (1983). Subsquently, he added the naturalist and existential intelligences. Although each human has all nine, no two individuals have the same amount of each. Gardner suggested that intelligence involves problem solving, and producing products in a context-rich and natural setting.
These nine intelligences are:

1. Verbal-linguistic intelligence: The capacity to use language to express what's on your mind and to understand other people.
2. Logical-Mathematical intelligence: The ability to understand the underlying principles of some kind of casual system. Ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and cspacity to discern logical and numerical patterns.
3. Spatial-visual intelligence: Capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly. The ability to present the spatial world internally in your mind.
4. Musical/Rhythmic intelljgence: The capacity to think in music, to be able to hear patterns, recognize them and perhaps manipulate them.
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence: Capacity to use your whole for parts of body, to solve problems, make something, or put on a production. Ability to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully.
6. Interpersonal intelligence: Having an understanding of yourself, of knowing who you are, what you can do, etc.
7. Intrapersonal intelligence: The ability to understand other people.
8. Naturalist intelligence: Ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature. The ability to discriminate among living things as well as sensitivity to other features of the natural world.
9. Existential intelljgence: Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existance such as What is the meaning of life? Why do we die? How did we get here? To exhibit the proclivity to pose and ponder questions about life., death and ultimate realities.
   The above mentioned nine intelligences are called Multiple Intelligences.